上海园林景观设计手绘图培训、剖面图、平面图、立面图

上海园林景观设计手绘图培训、剖面图、平面图、立面图

教学内容
学习效果图三大软件3DsMax、VRay、Photoshop，熟悉快速表现软件SketchUp（草图大师），并掌握P0LY多边形建模方法，0基础开始学习，掌握各种建模、布灯和渲染参数，熟悉效果图制作流程。适应建筑室内外、园林、工业设计等的工作需要，具备效果图制作初中级水平。
1、 3Ds Max无图纸看图片建模与看CAD施工图纸建模相结合，符合实际工作要求 2、 3Ds Max制作各种常见室内外材质； 3、 3Ds Max室外日景、夜景、黄昏灯光
4、 Photoshop加工材质、调整明暗和色彩，室内外后期处理 5、 VRay室内外日景、夜景渲染，VRay材质原理及制作方法。 6、 P0LY多边形建模方法，科学的布线规律。室内外异形结构建模 7、SketchUp路径跟随命令的操作与应用，物体对象的群组、组件的制作与调用


摘要
随着景观学科与治理理论的发展，"景观治理"正成为二者交叉领域的新研究热点，并被视为环境治理领域的分支与延伸。制度建设是推动景观治理理论与实践发展的重要因素。以来，中国建设进入了新阶段，系统性的顶层设计及以制度建设为先导是其显著特色；同时，十八届三中全会提出"推进国家治理体系与治理能力现代化"，将治理作为评判国家能力和国家与社会关系的新路径。两者都将对中国景观规划、设计、保护与管理产生重大影响。
本文从景观的空间尺度效应，景观的地方性、文化性和集体认知，以及景观治理概念的应用等三个方面追溯了西方景观治理理论的发展，继而分析了中国制度建设将为景观治理带来的诸多契机，包括：顶层设计将从源头上破除环境生态问题的固有矛盾；将助推国家景观治理能力的提高；将构筑以生态安全和生态系统服务为导向的土地利用管制体系；将使景观公共利益回归本位；将有利于培育公民社会与景观治理民主；将对风景园林学的教育科研产生多维影响。后，本文基于和中国国家尺度，分别指明了中国景观治理的进路。
关键词
；制度建设；治理；景观治理；景观途径
Abstract
With the development of landscape discipline and governance theories, "landscape governance" has become a new frontier of inter-disciplinary research, and is considered a sub-topic and extension of "environmental governance." Institution is an important factor to the development of landscape governance theory and practice. Since the Eighteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China in 2012, the construction of Ecological Civilization has marked itself a new milestone for its systematic top-down design and institution-oriented efforts. At the same time, the Third Plenary Session of the Eighteenth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in 2013 proposed to improve the contemporary national governance system and capacity, and took governance as a new means to evaluate state capacities and state-society relations. Both of them will significantly impact landscape planning, design, protection, and management in China.
This article reviews the evolution of western landscape governance theories driven by 1) the emphasis on the spatial scale effect of landscape; 2) the exploration of the regional variety of cultural and collective identities of local landscapes; and 3) the emphasis on the practice of landscape governance. It also examines the opportunities in China's landscape governance brought by the institutional improvement of Ecological Civilization, which might help: resolve the inherent conflicts that cause the existing environmental and ecological problems; enhance China's capacity on landscape governance; establish a new land-use management system with a greater ecological security and broader ecosystem services; endow landscapes with more public benefits; cultivate a civil society and democracy in landscape governance; and, influence the education and research of Landscape Architecture in multiple dimensions. Finally, the article proposes roadmaps for China's landscape governance at both global and national scales.
Key words
Ecological Civilization; Institutional Improvement; Governance; Landscape Governance; Landscape Approach