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分子量聚乙烯（UHMW-PE）是热塑性工程塑料。它综合了大部分塑料的性能，耐冲击、耐低温、耐磨损、耐化学腐蚀、自身润滑、吸收冲击能，这六个特性是目前塑料中所具有的高数值，近年来这种新型塑料制品在欧美各国广泛使用，需求量越来越大。同样，在我国分子量聚乙烯制品应用也越来越广泛，是我国“九五”计划《发展的高新技术产业化领域指南》的推广项目。
分子量聚乙烯采用齐格勒型催化剂低压合成法，分子量根据需要控制在150-300万以上。考虑到加工过程分子的热降解，因此具有粘均分子量大于170万的高密度聚乙烯加工成各种制品，才能更加具有性能。
1、高耐磨性：在目前所有的工程塑料中UHMW-PE的耐磨性能好，引人注目。分子量越高材料就越耐磨，甚至超过许多金属材料（如碳钢、不锈钢、青铜等）。例如UHMW-PE管，在强腐蚀和高磨损条件下使用寿命是钢管的4-6倍，而且提高输送效率20％。充分展现了 "节能、环保、经济"的性。
2、耐腐蚀性：在碱液中不受腐蚀，它对海水、液体洗涤剂也很稳定。
3、极低的摩擦系数：静摩擦系数为0.07，自润滑性良好，是一种理想的轴承、轴套、滑块、衬里材料。选用UHMW-PE作为设备的摩擦部件，除可提高耐磨寿命外，还可收到节能效果。
4、抗冲击性：抗冲击性，无论是外力强冲击，还是内部压力波动，都难以使其开裂。其冲击强度是尼龙66的10倍，；特别是在低温环境，其冲击强度反而达到高值，其柔韧性能为输送系统提供了极为可靠的保障。
5、性能稳定，地面、地下埋没均可，50年化。按ASTM方法测定（负荷4.6㎏/cm2），热变形温度为85℃，使用温度可达90℃，特殊情况下，允许在更高的温度下使用。UHMW-PE是一种韧性好的材料，它的耐低温性能也非常，在-269℃低温下，仍具有一定的延展性，而没有脆裂迹象。但线膨胀系数较大，导热性很差，所以在设计制品时，要给予充分注意。
6、电性能：体积电阻大，击穿电压达50KV/mm，介电常数为2.3。在较宽的温度及频率范围内，适宜用作电气工程的结构材料。
7、卫生：UHMW-PE无味、无臭，本身无腐蚀性，具有生理惰性和生理适应性。美国食品与药品管理局（FDA）和美国农业部（USDA）允许它用于与食品和药品接触的场合。
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Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMW PE) is a thermoplastic engineering plastics. It combines the superior properties of most plastics, such as shock resistance, low temperature resistance, wear resistance, chemical corrosion resistance, self lubricating and absorbing impact energy. In recent years, the new plastic products are widely used in Europe and the United States, the demand is increasing. In the same way, UHMWPE products are more and more widely used in China, which is the extension project of China's Ninth Five-Year Plan.
Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) was synthesized with Ziegler catalyst at low pressure. The molecular weight of UHMWPE was controlled above 150-3 million. Considering the thermal degradation of the molecules in the processing process, HDPE with viscosity average molecular weight > 1.7 million can be processed into various products, which has more superior properties.
1, high wear resistance: UHMW-PE in all the engineering plastics at present wear resistance is good, eye-catching. The higher the molecular weight of materials, the more wear-resistant, even more than many metal materials (such as carbon steel, stainless steel, bronze, etc.). For example, UHMW-PE pipe has a service life of 4-6 times longer than that of steel tube under strong corrosion and high wear conditions, and increases transportation efficiency by 20%. Fully demonstrated the "energy-saving, environmental protection, economic" advantages.
Corrosion resistance: it is not corroded in lye. It is stable to sea water and liquid detergent.
3, very low friction coefficient: static friction coefficient is 0.07, self-lubricity is good, is an ideal bearing, sleeve, slider, lining material. Choosing UHMW-PE as the friction part of the equipment can not only improve the wear resistance life, but also obtain the energy saving effect.
4, impact resistance: impact resistance, whether external force strong impact, or internal pressure fluctuations, it is difficult to crack. Its impact strength is 10 times of that of nylon 66, especially in low temperature environment, its impact strength reaches a high value, and its flexibility can provide a very reliable guarantee for transportation system.
5, stable performance, ground, underground can be buried, 50 years of aging. According to the ASTM method (load 4.6 g / cm2), the hot deformation temperature is 85 ℃, the use temperature can be up to 90 ℃. In special cases, the use of .UHMW-PE at higher temperature is a kind of material with good toughness and excellent low temperature resistance. At -269 ℃, it still has ductility, but there is no sign of embrittlement. But the linear expansion coefficient is large, the thermal conductivity is very poor, so in the design of products, we should give full attention.
6, electrical properties: large volume resistance, breakdown voltage of 50 kV / mm, dielectric constant of 2.3. In a wide range of temperature and frequency range, suitable for electrical engineering structural materials.
7. Health: UHMW-PE is tasteless, odorless, non-corrosive, and has physiological inertia and adaptability. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) allow it to be used in food and drug contact situations.