清代二十四福寿吉语花钱

吉语钱，历代官炉、民间均有铸造，品种极多，内涵丰富，是民俗民风的缩影，代表着古人对美好生活的向往和祝福。收集、研究这些铸造精良、文图优美的吉语花钱，可以直观地了解中国古代民俗文化。

清代二十四福寿吉语花钱，直径48毫米，重：32g。品相精良，古朴雅致，蕴含福寿绵长的良好愿望，是清代花钱中的上品。其钱文字体变化多端，书法优美。从这类吉语花钱字数上来说，其正背的“福”“寿”二字各为24个，但民间习俗多称此为“百福百寿”吉语花钱。
“福”字是我国出现很早的文字之一，为会意字。其甲骨文字形是“两人捧酒献于祭台上”。因为古人用酒象征生活富裕，福字初是装酒器具在神前的形状。“福”字从字形上说左边为“礻”，意为“神祗”，而右边则由“一”“口”“田”组成“畐”字；按《说文》解释为“一，惟初太始，道立于一，造分天地，化成万物。”“口，人所以食言也。”“田”即指耕地、打猎。在这个福字上，寄托了古人祈求得到田地，以满足温饱需求和得到神灵保佑的愿望。

“福”字还有五种具体的含义，即“五福”。经典史籍《尚书·洪范》上所记载的“五福”是：“一曰寿、二曰富、三曰康宁、四曰修好德、五曰考终命。”“康宁”为身体健康且心灵安宁的意思；“好德”为生性仁善且宽厚宁静；“考终命”即“善终”。俗语中的“五福临门”中的“五福”即源于此。

《说文》：“福。备也。从示畐声。”许慎的训诂说明福字在东汉时的读音同畐。即bì。这和今天的读音fú差别很大。这两个发音究竟哪一个才是远古的正音呢？段注曰：“福者备也。备者百顺之名也。无所不顺者之谓备。按福、备古音皆在部。叠韵也。”卜辞中福与畐有通用的情况，这大概就是后来两字都读如bì的原因，两个甲骨文字是同义字。

至于背面的寿字，《说文》解释：“寿,久也。”寿文化常见于书画中。画中男寿星的形象是白须老翁，头大额凸，一手扶鹿杖，挂一宝葫芦，另一手托仙桃，身旁鹿鹤相伴，以喻；女寿星则以“麻姑献寿图”中的麻姑为代表，据说麻姑以灵芝酿成寿酒，敬献王母，王母封她为寿仙。除此外，“上酒献寿”的佳作流传不少，如汉代的画像砖“酒宴”，彩画《夫妻宴饮图》等；现代作品中，以寿为题材的书画，随处可见。连百姓日常生活也充满着寿文化情趣，饮酒的有酒，吃面的有面，宴席有宴，寿文化无处不在，给民族追求生命的寿文化注入了美妙的活力。
furnaces and the folk in the past dynasties, is a miniature of the folk custom and represents the yearning and blessing of the ancients for a better life. By collecting and studying these auspicious words with excellent casting and beautiful pictures, we can directly understand the ancient Chinese folk culture.






In the Qing Dynasty, 24 auspicious languages were used to spend money, with a diameter of 48mm and a weight of 26.9g. It's the best in Qing Dynasty's spending money. It's exquisite in appearance, simple and elegant, and contains good wishes for longevity. Its Qian characters are changeable and its calligraphy is beautiful. In terms of the number of such auspicious words, the two words "Fu" and "Shou" on the back are 24 respectively, but the folk custom calls them "Baifu Baishou" auspicious words.



"Fu" is one of the earliest characters in China, which is Huiyi. Its oracle bone inscription is "two people holding wine to offer on the altar". Because the ancients used wine as a symbol of wealth in life, the character Fu was originally the shape of wine utensils in front of God. "Fu" means "God" on the left, and "Yi", "Kou" and "Tian" on the right. According to "Shuowen", it is interpreted as "one, only at the beginning, Tao stands in one, creates and divides Heaven and earth, and transforms everything." "Mouth, people break their promise." "Farmland" means cultivated land and hunting. In this word of blessing, the ancient people's desire to get the land to meet their needs for food and clothing and to be blessed by the gods is entrusted.






The word "Fu" has five specific meanings, namely, "five blessings". The "five blessings" recorded in the classic historical book "Shangshu · Hongfan" are: "one is longevity, two is wealth, three is Kangning, four is moral cultivation, and five is final examination." "Kangning" means health and peace of mind; "good virtue" means benevolence, kindness and peace of mind; "examination of final life" means "good ending". This is the origin of the five blessings in the saying "five blessings come to the door".






"Shuowen": "Fu. Prepare also. From the sound. " Xu Shen's exegesis shows that the pronunciation of Fuzi in the Eastern Han Dynasty is the same. That is, B. This is very different from the pronunciation f ü today. Which of these two pronunciations is the ancient correct pronunciation? Duan said, "the Blessed are prepared.". Prepare the name of Baishun. If there is nothing wrong with it, it is called preparation. According to Fu, the ancient sound is in the first part. It's also a rhyme. " There is a general situation of Fu and Fu in the oracle inscriptions, which is probably the reason why the two characters are read as b-fu later. The two oracle bone characters are synonymous.






As for the character "Shou" on the back, "Shuowen" explains: "Shou, long also." Longevity culture is common in painting and calligraphy. The image of the male longevity star in the painting is an old man with a white beard, with a large forehead. He holds a deer stick, hangs a treasure of gourd, and holds a peach in the other hand, accompanied by deer and crane, which makes her longevity a household name. The female longevity star is represented by the Magu in the picture of "Magu sacrificing his life". It is said that the Magu brews a wine of longevity from Ganoderma lucidum, and presents her to the king's mother, who makes her the immortal of longevity. In addition, many excellent works of "offering wine and longevity" have been spread, such as the Han Dynasty's portrait brick "wine feast" and the color painting "the picture of husband and wife's Feast", etc.; in modern works, paintings and calligraphy with longevity as the theme are everywhere. Even the people's daily life is full of the taste of longevity culture. There are longevity wine for drinking, longevity noodles for eating and longevity banquet for banquet. Longevity culture is everywhere, which has injected wonderful vitality into the Longevity Culture of the Chinese nation in pursuit of life.</a>